Natural Hazards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Natural Hazards - Essay Example This discussion highlights that the importance of this earthquake is that it caused severe disaster, leading to the death of thousands of people and damaging most of the buildings in the country. The implication or the consequence of this event is that many of the people became homeless. Several Pagodas which were considered as the symbol of the World Heritage site were destroyed. Several temples were demolished due to the earthquake. The steps or the initiative taken by the government in order to mitigate the damages are the government established a national reconstruction fund by allocating an amount of $ 200 million. But the government aimed to increase the fund to $ 2 billion.This paper stresses that the town was covered with a cloud of ash and smoke. Calbuco is considered as the most active volcano that erupted many times before. But the eruption that occurred in the present year is considered to be much more devastating as compared to the volcanic eruption that occurred in the previous years. The smoke that was generated was harmful for the society as a whole since it polluted the environment. The importance of this volcanic eruption was it occurred for 3 times within 8 days. It caused panic among the people staying nearby. The implication or the consequence of this volcanic eruption is that it increased chaos among the people in that region and also increased traffic jams causing barrier and difficulty for the people going to the supermarkets.

Nature-nurture debate Essay Example for Free

Nature-nurture debate Essay In this task I am going to be going to be discussing the nature-nurture debate in relation to Morgan Freeman’s development through two life stages childhood and adolescence. The theories that I am going to be discussing in relation to the individual are Determinism Choice and interaction Biological programming Maturation theory Theorists and philosophers have argued that we are born to be the way we are and some have argued that it could down to the way we are brought, our environmental influences and surroundings that makes us the way we are. This is known as the nature- nurture debate. Nature is genetic. It is what we inherit from our parents for example eye colour Nurture is the social, economic and environmental influences. Determinism This is a belief that our future’s our determined by either what we have genetically or by the environment and social interaction. According to Morgan Freeman’s biography, he loved movies from a very young age and when he started going to school he appeared in a lot of school plays. I would say that he had the passion but the environment influenced him even more, however in this case I would say that the environment, the passion for acting determined what he wanted to be like in the future. When he won the State-drama competition at the age of 14 that probably added to his determinism environmentally. I don’t think his abilities were down to his genetic makeup because the plays he took part in school and the training to improve his abilities, skills and knowledge. I can also argue that he had the abilities but all he needed was some proper training and guidance to make him the actor he is today. His experiences through these things training and school plays probably made him better since he was a very shy person; I would not say that it was down to his genetic makeup because none of his family members or parents were or are actors. Choice and interaction This is the belief that we can control our own lives through the choices we  make. When you are very young your parents make your decisions for you but as you get into your teenage years you start to make your own choices with the help of your parents. Morgan Freeman from a very young age had the love for cinemas and acting so he made a choice that he wanted to become an actor. I don’t think his parents told him what he should do in the future; even if they did as he got older he still would have had the choice to choose whatever it is that he wanted to do. He had the free will to take control of his own life through the choices that he made he did not have to pursue acting. I can also argue that it could have been down to nature he was probably born with the gift of acting and that was all he knew apart from other careers he could have pursed. He had the choice to stop because at some point in his life he actually stopped when he joined the army this was because of the influences he got from watching movies that had aeroplanes. But he got bailed out and got back into acting because that was his real passion drama and performing arts. I would say Morgan Freeman’s future to become an actor was influenced by the environment because when he moved from Memphis Tennessee to Chicago that is where he developed the love for, he would scour the streets looking for looking for empty bottles of drinks to cash in. However I can say that it could have been down to both nature and nurture because if you have a certain talent in this case acting I think you are more likely to pursue that career and that if you are influenced by the environment for example going to the cinemas to watch movies that is a choice but that choice is influenced by the environment The movies that he watched and the plays he took part in at school made him want to pursue a career in acting. I think Morgan Freeman’s choice to become famous has been down to the choices he made because when he won the State-side drama competition he got exploited and he enjoyed the attention, attention could have been another influence of his choice, by pursuing a career in acting opened a lot of opportunities for him and he got recognition by the roles that he played, however his success could have been down to nurture because I think it all fall into place. Biological programming Morgan Freeman’s biological programming was down to his parents. He is 6’22† in height and I would say that his father or mother were probably tall. His  body shape and size would be down to nature, genetic inheritance for example if both your parents are tall and skinny there is a chance that one may grow up to be like that. However body shape and size can be influenced by the environment for example lifestyle factors what you choose to eat and drink. I would argue that his behaviour was probably influenced by his environment but also it could have been, the area that he grew in there was so much racism. He was very shy and that probably influenced his behaviour even more to be assertive and behaved. His behaviour changed as he got older with the influence of the environment and the choices he made. Maturation Theory The ability to speak a first language and some aspects of development are thought to be an inbuilt genetic process. In Morgan Freeman’s case his ability and a genes that he inherited from his parents, development to speak was probably a genetic thing I don’t think Morgan Freeman had any difficulties learning a native language. His development whether it was social, emotional, intellectual and physical was maybe because of his genes but at the same time it worked in correlation with environment that he grew up in, because genes cannot operate without an environment.

Drosophila Melanogaster Laboratory Rearing

Drosophila Melanogaster Laboratory Rearing Abstract   Drosophila melanogaster Linnaeus was reared for single generation in the laboratory on a simple diet of 13gm yeast, 250gm milk, 20gm cellulose tissue and 1L water. Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster, laboratory rearing, developmental stages, artificial diet Introduction Drosophila melanogaster  is commonly known as fruit fly since its always found near unripe and rotted fruit. The fly inspired its genus name from the Latin word means dew loving. This genus could b easily identified by presence of black characteristic hairs over their compound eye. This smallish fly has been paid attention since early 90th in many scientific investigations concerning behavioral and genetic studies. Thomas Hunt Morgan was the first and outstanding biologist studying  Drosophila  early in the 1900s. He was the first to discover sex linked genes and genetic assortment, segregation, and recombination, which put the fly as a model of genetic research. And cause of its smallish size, ease of culture and short generation time, geneticists have been using  the fly ever since. Drosophila sp. is one of the few organisms whose entire genome is known and many of its genes have been identified and used in many other scientific researches. The very fast development enables this organism to develop from eggs to adult stage during 9-12 days in 25 °C. Usually the fly spends five days in the egg  and  larval stages and four days in the pupal  stage. The adult may live for several weeks.  Drosophila sp. should not be reared in high temperatures (e.g. above 30 °C) that will result in sterilization or death of the flies or to low temperatures (e.g. below 10 °C) that also will result in a prolonged life cycle, maybe 57 days, and eventually reduced viability. Their body is usually pale yellow to reddish brown to black in color, with large, red eyes and oval-shaped wings, maybe sometimes it has some distinct black patterns. Also their wing venation is peculiar to the entire family. The body form could be mutated due to culturing conditions, which produces offspring with body characters quietly different from parents.  For instance, higher temperatures might alter the phenotype of the eye and body color, or may change the wing shape and size. The entire genus of Drosophila sp. contains more than 15000 species and is very diverse in appearance, behavior, and breeding habitat (Gerhard Bà ¤chli, 1999-2006). Drosophila  sp. found all over the world, but most of their species are predominant in the tropical regions. They are multivoltine species, and the northern species can hibernate. They breed in various kinds of decaying plants and  fungal  materials. The larvae of some species can also feed on fresh fruit and can sometimes be a pest (  Mark Hoddle).  Some other few species maybe switched in order to be  parasites or  predators. Most of their species are attracted to bait of fermented  fruits or any other fermented odor, but little of them are not attracted to any kind of baits. Males usually congregate at patches of suitable breeding habitats to compete for females. Several  Drosophila  species, such as  D. melanogaster, are closely associated with humans; thereby they are called as  domestic  s pecies. But most of Drosophila sp. have been accidentally to new areas due to anthropogenic activities and fruit transportation (Vilela, 1999; Van der Linde et al., 2006; Castrezana, 2007). The fruit fly varies in their reproductive capacity. D. melanogaster, breeds in rare, limited resources, have  ovaries  that mature 10-20 eggs at a time, so that they can be laid together on one site. Others, those breed in more-abundant but less nutritious substrates, may only lay one egg per day. Only the adult stage feeds on vegetable matters, whereas larvae, the feeding immature stage, feed on yeast and microorganisms present on decaying breeding substrate. Their developmental time vary according to species. It is varied from 7 more than 60 days. Also, it may vary within the same species depending on the environmental factors such as temperature, breeding substrate, and crowding. In this study, D. melanogaster collected and cultured under laboratory conditions, using artificial substrates to investigate different immature stages and the mean developmental time for each stage. Materials and Methods 1. Collecting and Culturing Media Diet mixture of yeast, milk and cellulose was put in plastic bottle. The bottle was cut into two halves, the nick top half, which put inverted on the bottom half. The media recipe was devised as below: Yeast 13gm Milk 250gm Cellulose tissue 20gm H2O 1L This media is blended and placed in plastic collecting bottles containing crumpled paper toweling to prevent flies drowning. The media was stored at 30o for 2-3 days until fermented (Krivshenko 1963), then put outdoor to collect adult. The collecting bottle was checked twice daily (day and night). The collecting bottle left for three days to collect as much as possible of D. melanogaster flies. The collected individuals transferred to culturing bottle under the laboratory conditions (25 °Ã‚ ±5 °C) at plant protection department, Food and Agriculture Sciences College, King Saud University, for conducting the experiment. Flies oviposited in the diet. After 24 hrs, adult flies were removed from the bottles using their positive phototactic response and maintained in 20x20cm cage fitted with a sleeve and fed with 2.5 % sugar solution through cotton wicks. Small 50ml vials with culturing media were used for maintaining small larvae individually and avoid crowding. Number of larval developmental stages and time taken until pupal stage were recorded. Study area and period The study was conducted for 30 days (December, 2010) starting culturing step. Three collecting bottles were used in three selected sites for adult D. melanogaster collection; the educational farm of Food and Agriculture Sciences College, referred as site A, the main building of the College, referred as site B, and the students housing at King Saud University, referred as site C. Results and Discussion Total of 23 adults were collected in the three collecting bottles. Both Sites A and C were negative for adult fly. Eggs laid couldnt be observed since adult females put them in tiny cracks of the culturing media. 301 larvae have been recorded within 24hrs. The mean developmental time for larvae was 7 days to pupation. By the eighth day, all larvae pupate (Fig. 1). Only single adult failed to emerge by the eleventh day. No adult were emerged until the end of month, which means that successful adult emergence took almost 22 days. The rapid development of early immature stages proved favorable conditions for larval development that was not quietly enough for the pupal stage development into adult emergence. The developmental period for  fruit fly varies mainly with temperature, as with many  ectothermic species. The shortest recorded development time (egg to adult), 7 days, is achieved at 28 °C (Ashburner and Thompson 1978, Ashburner et al., 2005). Development time increases at higher temperatures (11 days at 30 °C) cause of heat stress. The ideal development time at 25 °C is supposed to be 8.5 days as Ashburner and Thompson (1978), Ashburner et al., (2005), and Chiang and Hodson (1950) reported in previous investigations. Nevertheless, the findings of the current study showed longer development time especially for late immature stage (pupa). This might be explained, as the temperature of the laboratory was not optimum ( Crowding has no effect on development time since larvae were separated individually in culturing media. More over, under crowding increases the development time (Chiang and Hodson 1950), while the emerging flies are smaller (Chiang and Hodson 1950, Bakker 1961).

Essay --

Segregation, the separation of individuals by their race, was something that many African American experienced in their life after their freedom from slavery until the end of segregation around the mid-1900s. Southerners were less accepting of African Americans than their Northern counterparts. Southerners were often extremely cruel to African Americans, referring to them with demeaning names and physically hurting them, sometimes to the point of critical injury or death. During this time, James Meredith, a civil rights leader was born. James Howard Meredith was born as one of ten children on a farm in Kosciusko, Mississippi on June 25, 1933. He was not exposed to racism until a train ride from Chicago, where he had to give up his seat for a white man. This train ride was his catalyst for fighting for civil rights. He spent nine years in the Army Air Force following high school. After his service, he enrolled in the all-black school, Jackson State College in Mississippi. The beginning of his work started in the year 1961, when he applied for University of Mississippi, which back then was an all-white school that had been segregated and should have been integrated with the Brown v. Board of Education ruling. The Brown v. the Board of Education, taking place in 1952, was a case that overruled the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling that legalized segregation. This case brought about after an African American man from Topeka filed a lawsuit saying that black and white schools were not legal. This parent was Oliver Brown. This case was taken care of by Thurgood Marshall and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). The court ruled in favor of Brown and segregation became considered illegal and in violation of ... ...aces, however, when they look at the same classroom about sixty years ago they will find it less diversified. Now, people can see African American children play with the children of white people. There are children who are of mixed race, when back then these children would be shunned by both sides. The children are able to play, become friends, and be happy. They are able to have a life where they do not have to worry about getting off the street just because a white person is passing by. They do not have to worry about moving to the back just because a white person has arrived. This would not have been the case sixty years ago. This place where children of all races are able to enjoy each other’s company was the result of many years of effort and blood, not only by one person but by many courageous individuals who wanted to create a better future for their people. Essay -- Segregation, the separation of individuals by their race, was something that many African American experienced in their life after their freedom from slavery until the end of segregation around the mid-1900s. Southerners were less accepting of African Americans than their Northern counterparts. Southerners were often extremely cruel to African Americans, referring to them with demeaning names and physically hurting them, sometimes to the point of critical injury or death. During this time, James Meredith, a civil rights leader was born. James Howard Meredith was born as one of ten children on a farm in Kosciusko, Mississippi on June 25, 1933. He was not exposed to racism until a train ride from Chicago, where he had to give up his seat for a white man. This train ride was his catalyst for fighting for civil rights. He spent nine years in the Army Air Force following high school. After his service, he enrolled in the all-black school, Jackson State College in Mississippi. The beginning of his work started in the year 1961, when he applied for University of Mississippi, which back then was an all-white school that had been segregated and should have been integrated with the Brown v. Board of Education ruling. The Brown v. the Board of Education, taking place in 1952, was a case that overruled the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling that legalized segregation. This case brought about after an African American man from Topeka filed a lawsuit saying that black and white schools were not legal. This parent was Oliver Brown. This case was taken care of by Thurgood Marshall and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). The court ruled in favor of Brown and segregation became considered illegal and in violation of ... ...aces, however, when they look at the same classroom about sixty years ago they will find it less diversified. Now, people can see African American children play with the children of white people. There are children who are of mixed race, when back then these children would be shunned by both sides. The children are able to play, become friends, and be happy. They are able to have a life where they do not have to worry about getting off the street just because a white person is passing by. They do not have to worry about moving to the back just because a white person has arrived. This would not have been the case sixty years ago. This place where children of all races are able to enjoy each other’s company was the result of many years of effort and blood, not only by one person but by many courageous individuals who wanted to create a better future for their people.

Controversy before the Civil War Essay

During the expansion westward of United States, controversy between the Northern and the Southern States quickly arose. This was primarily due to the disagreement of what these new western territories would become- free or slave states. The Southern States wanted these new territories to support slavery so they could send more pro-slavery senators/ representatives to Congress, which was the opposite for the Northern States. Many important events from 1845-1861 quickly led to the start of the Civil War due to these Northern and Southern disputes. When the U.S. finally claimed more land after the Mexican War, the Southern and Northern States slowly began to move farther apart. Even though Northern congressmen supported the Wilmot Proviso, which banned slavery in all new Western territories, the Southern congressmen completely disagreed and went against it. The Compromise of 1850 was set to hopefully smooth these disputes over by supporting the idea of popular sovereignty, western lands having the right to determine by themselves whether they would be free or slave states. The Free-Soil Party also had a big impact. They opposed slavery’s expansion in the Western territories in the late 1840s and early 1850s. The Kansas-Nebraska Act and Dred Scott Case (1857) decision highlighted the slavery disagreement and caused even more problems between the Northern and Southern States, pushing the U.S. even closer to the Civil War. The Kansas-Nebraska Act, passed in 1854 as a small compromise, enforced popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska, creating disagreements over whether these territories would choose to become free or slave states. The Kansas-Nebraska Act even created tensions over the overturned Missouri Compromise of 1820, which had held the nation together by allowing slavery north of the already created line. In result, pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups flooded Kansas and battled in the â€Å"Bleeding Kansas† conflict over whether the territory would become a free or slave state. The expansion westward was a big step for the United States, and it sparked a huge controversy between the Northern and Southern States. Southerners wanted these new territories to support slavery, so they could have more senators/representatives in congress, whereas the North wanted the new territories to reject slavery. Important events such as the Wilmot Proviso, Compromise of 1850, Popular Sovereignty, Dred Scott Case, Kansas/Nebraska Act, and Free Soilers all quickly sparked disputes between the North and the South during the years 1845-1861 prior to the Civil War.

How to Write a Technology Term Paper Easy-to-Implement Steps

How to Write a Technology Term Paper Easy-to-Implement Steps Struggling with your technology term paper? Most students are afraid of such assignments because of the stress connected with academic writing. In this article, you’ll find some useful technology term paper writing tips that will help you create a fantastic academic term paper with little stress and ensure an efficient writing process. Follow these easy steps in writing a term paper on technology and you’ll overcome writer’s block and work more productively. We will guide you through the entire writing process and give some useful tips on editing and proofreading. Besides, you’ll find here 20 good technology term paper topic ideas that you can use for writing your own projects. Keep reading. What Is a Technology Term Paper? First, let’s discuss what type of academic assignment a technology term paper is. A technology term paper writing is a long essay or a report assigned to students to be written in a college course during a term. It’s a complex task that can help you develop analytical and critical thinking skills and learn to present your ideas in a concise and logical manner. It’s your opportunity to devote your time and think about the topic you are interested in detail and do it in a quiet and focused way. The basic structure of a technology term paper includes 3 parts: the introduction, the main body, and the conclusion. Choosing a Good Technology Term Paper Topic: Advice from Our Experts If your instructor hasn’t assigned a specific topic for your term paper on technology, you should carefully consider what topic you would like to use. The best advice may be to pick a topic you enjoy because researching and writing is a long process and you will work with pleasure if you choose a topic that you are interested in. But first, you have to check online and in your school library to find out if there are enough resources available for doing research. Otherwise, you’ll need to select a different topic. To help you get started, we have made a short list of amazing technology term paper topics. Look it through to get some ideas for inspiration and brainstorming. How Is Digital Learning Changing Schools And Education? Negative Effects of The Development of New Technologies; Impact of the Advancements in Military Technologies on the Wars in The Middle East; What Are the Most Important Programming Languages? How Is Big Data Changing Biology? Long-term Impact of Virtual Reality on Education; Future of Cloud Computing; How Can DNA Be Used For Storing Information? Management of Large Amounts of Information in Data Storages; How Are Technologies Changing the Way We Read? Do Military Technology Advancements Make Our World Safer? Why Is Texting Dangerous? The Fourth Industrial Revolution and IT; What Makes People Addicted to Technologies? Impact of Social Media on Family Communication; Advantages and Disadvantages of Virtual Reality Technologies; Should Scientific Investigations on Humans Be Limited? Coning and Its Influence on the Value of Human Life; Approaches to Solving the Problem of Genetic Diseases; Discuss Contemporary Organ Transplant Procedures. When you have chosen a broad topic for your term paper, it’s critical to narrow it so it could fit the word count of your written project. For example, the topic reproductive technologies is too broad to cover it in a school or college term paper so you may write about the regulation of reproductive technologies or about ethical problems connected with infertility technologies. You have to think about the concrete research question and decide what aspects of the topic you would like to explore. This step is very important and for good reason. Without a specific research question, you will not be able to stay focused while doing research and writing your term paper. If you don’t exactly know what you want to investigate, it will be difficult to develop your argument to the point. You should also think about the title of your term paper and make things even more concrete. Doing Research and Making First Notes Now that you have a clear question that you want to work on, you have to find relevant primary and secondary sources that you can use for writing your own paper. You can look for them in your school library or in online databases. Wondering what sources you can use? the commonly used resources include: books that provide a detailed analysis of an issue; reference books that give compiled information; articles from scholarly journals with the latest information; newspapers that can serve as primary sources and provide basic information; authoritative websites that offer the quickest way to find relevant information. Make notes as you read about your topic. Jot down the key points that can help you organize your argument. It’s better to write in full sentences so that you could understand what you wrote and why it’s important when you start reviewing your notes later. You will need to reread your notes at the planning stage. If you plan to use some ideas for direct citing or paraphrasing, write down all the necessary information about your sources (author’s name, title, the year of publication etc.). It will help you make the list of your sources on the references page. As you read your secondary sources, you have to evaluate them and decide how they can be helpful for writing your technology term paper. Your research question will serve you as a guide in choosing the right literature on your topic. Making an Outline After you have read lots of credible sources on your topic, it’s time for brainstorming in order to create an outline for your technology term paper. You can use such techniques as clustering and mind-mapping to come up with interesting ideas. Try to make a detailed outline for your writing project because it will guide your writing and help you save a lot of time and overcome writer’s block. Having an outline, you will know exactly what you want to write about so it will be possible to start writing your term paper from any section. When making your outline, you may find out that you lack ideas for your term paper and you will need to do additional research. You should also organize your notes and quotes to determine how you can use them to support the key points in your outline. Writing a Draft You have done a lot of pre-writing work so you can get started and put your thoughts down on paper. You can start writing any way you like – by writing an introduction or by writing in the middle. Start with a portion of your technology term paper that you know well. Don’t think about spelling, sentence structure or other formal aspects of writing – just write. You will organize your ideas later. No one can write a perfect first draft – you will need to revise your notes several times, making necessary changes and improving the content and the logic. That’s why you should save all your notes and versions. Be ready that you can get stuck at some point so instead of staring at the blank screen of your computer, start writing any other portion of your paper you feel comfortable with. Here are some tips on how to write essential parts of a technology term paper. Introduction Writing an introduction can be a frustrating experience so you’d better write it when you have finished your body paragraphs. Then you’ll know exactly what your technology term paper is about so it will be easier to introduce your topic and grab your audience’s attention. You should start your introductory paragraph with an interesting quote, an odd fact, impressing statistics or a story. You need to present your research question/thesis statement and describe your approach by explaining the topic and the structure of your paper. Writing a strong thesis statement is important for a number of reasons: It helps you stay focused and clarifies your ideas; It provides a unified structure for your technology term paper; It serves as a hook for your topic sentences; It can be revised if you get new evidence and refine your arguments. Here is an example of a thesis statement for a technology term paper on genetic testing: ‘Genetic testing has potential benefits for people, providing much -needed explanation for an illness and helping doctors determine the most effective course of treatment.’ Body The body of your term paper is made of different sections and subsections. Each chapter of your paper should have a title. When writing each section, you should formulate a question or a specific topic that you want to cover in it. Then you need to write paragraphs that will give an answer to your question, provide an argument for your thesis statement or present the content of your technology topic. Remember: each body paragraph has to present one idea and develop it in a coherent form through the logical order of its sentences. You have to state the main idea of each paragraph in a topic sentence which typically comes at the beginning of the paragraph. And one more thing – in an academic text, paragraphs never consists of a single sentence. Your statements should be concrete and you should prove or illustrate them with relevant quotes from primary and secondary sources. To avoid plagiarism, you must cite the sources for all your quotes. This is true for direct quotes and for summaries and paraphrasing as well. To help your readers follow your argument, you need to give short summaries at the end of each section and use transitions to show relationships between different parts of your academic paper. Don’t forget to inform your readers where you are going. Conclusion When the body of your technology term paper has been completed, you need to create a conclusion, putting the results of your research together in a short summary. Besides, you have to draw a conclusion from the results of your research. You can also make suggestions about the further implications of the research you have made. Bibliography Create a bibliography page and include all the sources that you have quoted, summarized or paraphrased in the text of your technology term paper. You have to organize your references page according to the citation style specified by your professor (MLA, APA or other). Revising a Draft When your rough draft is complete, you should review it from your reader’s point of view. You have to think of your term paper as a whole and check the logical order to ensure that your readers can easily follow your argument and will not have to guess anything. Next, you should read your technology term paper sentence by sentence and edit the content, style, and formal aspects. Make changes to improve the logic in your paragraphs, fix mistakes in word choice and in verb tenses. Finally, you should check the documentation to ensure that your term paper is formatted properly and meets the requirements of a specific formatting style. You need to make the necessary adjustments until you are satisfied with the logical flow and see that your term paper looks like a clear and concise prose. Proofreading is the final step of the editing process where you have to focus on correcting minor grammar errors, misspellings, and punctuation mistakes. It’s the process of polishing your final draft and making it flawless. It’s very important for making a good impression on your readers so you should devote enough time for doing it. Editing and Proofreading Tips You Can’t Skip Put your technology term paper aside for some time. You won’t be able to edit and proofread your paper properly if you have just finished writing and you can skip over lots of errors; If you have enough time, you should edit and proofread your term paper in several short blocks of time. It’s difficult to focus your attention if you work too long, trying to edit and proofread the entire paper at one time; Don’t rely completely on spelling and grammar checkers because they typically have a limited dictionary and work with a limited number of rules. They often make mistakes in identifying errors; In order to stay focused, try to identify only one kind of mistake at a time; An effective technique for checking the spelling is to read your paper backward sentence by sentence. You can also read out the text of your technology term paper loud to hear how the words sound together.